Manufacture Process of "Yosegi-Zaiku"
寄木細工制作工程
Nature, History, Culture and Craft of Hakone
箱根の名品 寄木細工についてご説明いたします。
Skillful Craftsmen of Hakone Hakone-Zaiku Marquetry
Hakone-Zaiku Marquetry was first created in the early Heian Period. During the Edo Period it thrived as secondary jobs for many "Kagokaki", and started being sold at "Chaya"(tea shops).
There are two types of Hakone-Zaiku Marquetry, "Hikimono" and "Sashimono".
"Hikimono", produced using potter's wheels includes various products including bowls, and since the Edo Period Hikimono toys have been produced.
"Sashimono", mainly boxes, are decorated on the surfaces with "Yosegi-Zaiku Marquetry" or "Zougan-Zaiku Wooden Mosaic".
"Yosegi-Zaiku Marquetry" is carried out according to the following process; first timbers with natural colors are collected (and sometimes colored), then they are shaved with a plane (the thin shaved tree is called juku) and made into mosaic-pattern trees. Finally the thin paper-like trees are stuck on craftwork.
"Zougan-Zaiku" is made by the following process; timbers in various colors are set in a board, making the board look like a picture. This is also called Mokukga. Like in "Yosegi-Zaiku Marquetry", or thin paper like tree craft ("Zuku"), they are stuck on craftwork.
箱根職人の心技 伝統工芸箱根細工
箱根細工の起源は古く平安時代初期に創始されたと云われています。江戸時代にはカゴかきの副業として盛んになり、温泉場や街道の茶屋で売られるようになりました。
箱根細工には「挽物」(ひきもの)と「指物」(さしもの)のがあります。
「挽物」はろくろを使用して作られる品物で、盆、椀、丸膳などがあり、明治以後は多くの玩具類も製作されています。
「指物」は主に箱類で、その表面を「寄木細工」や「象嵌(ぞうがん)細工」で装飾します。
Hakone-Yosegi-Zaiku Marquetry
The mountains of Hakone are noted for the numerous varieties of trees found along their slopes.
Hakone-Yosegi-Zaiku marquetry is a from of inlaid and mosaic woodwork unique to this area, and craftsmen have made full use of the wealth of wood colors and textures found here to produce their elaborate geometric patterns. Hakone-Yosegi-Zaiku decorates small hand-crafted items such as trays, boxes and chests.
This marquetry technique was created in the late Edo Period by a local master craftsman, Nihei Ishikawa (1790-1850), who lived in the Hatajuku area of Hakone.
In May,1984, Hakone-Yosegi-Zaiku was designated a national traditional handicraft by the International Trade & Industry Minister.
Main Wood for Hakone-Yosegi-Zaiku
White : aohada(Ilex macropoda Miq.),spindle tree, dogwood
Yellow : nigaki(Picrasma quassioides Benn.), wax tree,lacquer tree
Light Brown : Japanese pagoda tree,cherry tree,zelkova tree
Dark Brown : keyaki-jindai
Gray : honoki(Magnolia hypoleuca)
Black : katsura-jindai
箱根山系は、京都嵐山、鳥取の大山と並ぶ日本屈指の樹種豊富な地域です。
箱根寄木細工は、この恵まれた自然条件を背景に様々な樹木の自然の色を生かして精微な幾何学模様を作成し、小箱等の製品に利用するもので、我が国では他に例を見ない独得の木工芸品です。
この技術・技法は、江戸時代末期に箱根町畑宿に住む石川仁兵衛 [寛政2年(1790年)-嘉永3年(1850年)] により創作されました。
なお、箱根寄木細工は昭和59年5月に国の伝統的工芸品として通商産業大臣の指定を受けました。
箱根寄木細工の主な用材
白色系:あおはだ、まゆみ、みずき
黄色系:にがき、はぜの木、うるし
茶色系:えんじゆ、さくら、けやき
褐色系:けやき神代
灰色系:ほおのき
黒色系:かつら神代
How Hakone-Yosegi-Zaiku Is Made 箱根寄木細工のできるまで
1.Different-colored pieces of wood are planed to the proper thickness Then, the sheets are coated with glue, layered in order. and squeezed in a vise.
1.寄木模様の色合いに適合した木材をそれぞれの厚さに削り、模様の配色順に膠(にかわ)を塗布し積み重ね万力で圧着します。
2.The resulting layered sheet is sawn to fit a unique marquetry mold. and thus one piece of a unit pattern is produced.
2.重ね合わせた素材を寄木細工固有の型(かた)に合わせて単位模様の一辺を手鋸(のこ)で切断します。
3.This piece is planed in the mold.
3.切断された単位模様の一辺は更に型に入れ手鉋(かんな)で正確に仕上げます。
4.Several of the completed pieces are glued together to form a unit pattern.
4.完成された単位模様の一辺は単位模様を作るために一組ずつ膠(にかわ)を平らに塗布します。
5.Several unit patterns are glued and then tied together to produce a larger unit pattern This larger unit is sawn into several slices.
5.完成された単位模様の一辺は単位模様を作るために一組ずつ膠(にかわ)を平らに塗布します。
6.These slices are glued together yet again This process of repeated cutting and gluing into larger patterns results in a large plate called a Tanegi.
6.切断された単位模様材は更に寄せ集め膠で接着します。この作業を繰返しながら大きな模様材とします。これを種木(たねぎ)とよんでいます。
7.The Tanegi is then shaved with a special plane into thin sheets called Zuku.
7.この種木を大きな特殊な鉋で1枚づつ丁寧に削ります。この鉋紙を「ヅク」とよんでいます。
8.Since a Zuku curls, it's ironed into a straight sheet for use as veneer on marquetry ware.
8.鉋で削られた「ヅク」は縮んでいますのでアイロンでのばしこれを小箱等の化粧材として使用します。
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